Topic:
The Reliability of Logics in the Perspective of Ancient and Modern Philosophers
Part 2 (B):
Continued from Part 2a:
THE PHILOSOPHICAL OUTLOOK ABOUT LOGICAL RELIABILITY
On the other hand few modern scholars and philosophers stand bit differently on this idea. Like Thomas Hofweber explained in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy similarly as logic is way of deducing things from given premises, but it does not encompass reason very well in his view. He further elaborated on this subject saying that theory of rationality is more appropriate for finding valid reasoning. He elaborated logic as method of inference; validity depends upon many features like mental state, premises, linguists and other representation. Rationality and rational solution are more relate to argumentation and reasoning.
George Hayward Joyce also clarifies the concept of logic, according to him logic is not purely reasoning, He wrote in his book principles of logic as: “The science which directs the operations of the mind in the attainment of truth.” [1] This means that for reaching truth or the actual reality, logic can be one way of directing and providing a way forward to mind, logic itself is not pure reasons rather it is a set of operation for formulating mind one step forward, so logic itself is not reasons rather more appropriately as a set of formulations where one can reach a correct understanding of a reality, or a detailed approach to reach a conclusion based on judgments. Similarly John Poinsot, a theologian defines logic as “The art whose function is to direct the reason lest it err in the manner of inferring or knowing.”[2] Now here John Pointson is clear that logic is a function of directing reasons, so that the reason might not be misunderstood. John manifestation about logic also supports the idea that logic is mainly a subject where direction is embedded in reasons so to infer or to know the unknown or at least to predict it by a developed skillful art.
The research work is made by SM Waqas Imam, he is a fresh engineer and has graduated from NED university of engineering and technology in 2010.